福建省沙埕港百年一遇台风风暴潮的计算   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

董剑希  仉天宇  付祥  吴玮  赵联大  吴少华  于福江 《海洋通报》2008,27(1):9-16

研究了福建省沙埕港风暴潮状况,根据收集的沙埕验潮站连续50a(1956-2005)的台风过程增水资料以及西北太平洋57 a 的台风资料,采用皮尔逊Ⅲ统计法和数值法分别计算了沙埕港的100a一遇台风暴潮和 100a一遇最大台风暴潮,并得到了产生这两种台风增水的台风路径及强度等台风参数.沙埕港100a一遇台风暴潮为198 cm,100a一遇最大台风暴潮为243 cm,其中产生100a一遇台风暴潮的台风移向为NW方向,移速为19km/h,路径位于沙埕港南12km;产生100a一遇最大台风暴潮的台风移向为 NW 方向,移速为19 km/h,路径位于沙埕港南24km.计算结果为福建沿海海洋工程项目的建设提供了重要参考依据.  相似文献   

Directions of preferential flow in a hillslope soil, 1. Quasi‐steady flow     

Peter F. Germann  Michael Zimmermann 《水文研究》2005,19(4):887-899

Preferred infiltration is mainly perceived as vertically down whereas subsurface storm flow is thought to occur parallel to slopes. The transition from vertical to lateral flow in a layered hillslope soil is the focus of the contribution. Transient flow is assumed to move as a wetting front. Three time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) wave‐guides, each 0·15 m long, were mounted in the shape of a truncated tetrahedron with its peak pointing down. Each wave‐guide focuses the front velocity along its axis. The three front‐velocity vectors are decomposed into their x, y and z components, which are then assembled to the resultant velocity vector. The volume density flux of preferred flow is the product of the front velocity and the mobile water content. The latter is the amplitude of transient soil moisture measured with each wave‐guide. The resultant vector of the volume flux density is computed similarly to the velocity vector. The experimental approach allows for the rapid assessment of transient flows without relying on the variation of water potentials. The experiments indicate that the directions of the resultant vectors of velocity and volume flux density can be estimated if the moisture variations of the three TDR wave‐guides are strongly correlated during the passing of the wetting front. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

清远地区“2019·02·20”降雹天气过程特征分析     

吴杨  阮楚雯 《广东气象》2021,(2):15-19

基于清远连州双偏振雷达探测资料、清远探空资料和地面观测资料,对2019年2月20日陆续发生在阳山、连山、连南、连州的冰雹天气过程天气背景、雷达回波和双偏振特征进行了分析。结果表明:风暴发生在南支槽加深东移,西南低空急流发展和低层切变线南压的大尺度环流背景下,锋面低槽触发使其对流发生。“上干下湿”的典型大气层结结构、适宜的高度(0℃层高度在3.7~4.2km、-20℃层高度在6.8~7.1km)、低层的弱逆温层,均有利于能量聚集迸发。在回波强度大于50dBz区域中,有明显的三体散射、气旋式辐合、回波悬垂和有界弱回波区等特征;其中阳山降雹单体VIL值随时间的变化趋势与风暴强度的变化趋势成正比,且具有水平反射率因子高、差分反射率低(-1~0.5dB),相关系数较低(0.8~0.94)的典型双偏振特征。  相似文献   

Assimilating All-sky Infrared Radiances from Himawari-8 Using the 3DVar Method for the Prediction of a Severe Storm over North China     

Dongmei XU  Zhiquan LIU  Shuiyong FAN  Min CHEN  Feifei SHEN 《大气科学进展》2021,38(4):661-676

Although radar observations capture storm structures with high spatiotemporal resolutions, they are limited within the storm region after the precipitation formed. Geostationary satellites data cover the gaps in the radar network prior to the formation of the precipitation for the storms and their environment. The study explores the effects of assimilating the water vapor channel radiances from Himawari-8 data with Weather Research and Forecasting model data assimilation system(WRFDA) for a severe storm case over north China. A fast cloud detection scheme for Advanced Himawari imager(AHI)radiance is enhanced in the framework of the WRFDA system initially in this study. The bias corrections, the cloud detection for the clear-sky AHI radiance, and the observation error modeling for cloudy radiance are conducted before the data assimilation. All AHI radiance observations are fully applied without any quality control for all-sky AHI radiance data assimilation. Results show that the simulated all-sky AHI radiance fits the observations better by using the cloud dependent observation error model, further improving the cloud heights. The all-sky AHI radiance assimilation adjusts all types of hydrometeor variables, especially cloud water and precipitation snow. It is proven that assimilating all-sky AHI data improves hydrometeor specifications when verified against the radar reflectivity. Consequently, the assimilation of AHI observations under the all-sky condition has an overall improved impact on both the precipitation locations and intensity compared to the experiment with only conventional and AHI clear-sky radiance data.  相似文献   

华南一次非中气旋海面龙卷的大气条件和雷达特征分析     

郭泽勇  张弘豪  胡胜  张晶晶  刘显通  陈玉宝  李昭春 《热带气象学报》2021,37(4):541-555

利用S波段双偏振雷达、风廓线雷达、L波段探空雷达、区域自动站等观测资料和ERA5再分析资料, 对2019年5月26日发生在华南地区一次季风暴雨中海上龙卷过程的大气条件和雷达特征进行了详细分析。(1)低层辐合、高层辐散、中层短波槽东移的环流特征为龙卷的对流风暴提供了有利的大尺度动力抬升条件, 与大多数陆龙卷的形成机制相似。(2)该龙卷形成的环境条件也与一般非中气旋陆龙卷近似, 具有中等大小的对流有效位能, 对流抑制能量接近0, 为该对流风暴发生发展提供了热力条件, 具有发生龙卷的潜势; 强0~1 km低层风垂直切变和0~6 km深层风垂直切变为该对流风暴发展提供了动力条件, 其中低层风垂直切变远高于过去对陆龙卷低层风垂直切变统计的下限。(3)雷达发现: 龙卷出现前后, TVS(Tornadic Vortex Signature)雷达产品多次定位提醒, 但中气旋产品并未有提醒, 有一定示警作用; 径向速度产品揭示了龙卷正负速度对的发展变化; 龙卷低层旋转速度大值区多位于带状回波前沿, 对应的差分反射率Z_DR减小, 相关系数CC较低, 有利于确定龙卷的持续时间和影响范围。   相似文献   

太阳风暴对全球导航卫星系统的影响分析     

宋炜琳  孙玉铬  甄卫民  刘钝 《全球定位系统》2011,36(5):6-11

太阳风暴将对北斗卫星导航系统的正常运行产生影响。对即将到来的第24个太阳活动高年期间,北斗系统可能受到的影响进行了分析。电离层延迟误差将使北斗系统用户定位精度进一步降低。电离层闪烁发生更为频繁,对北斗系统性能产生影响,闪烁严重时用户甚至失去定位功能。太阳风暴引起的电离层扰动,如电离层暴,也将对北斗系统性能产生影响。针对北斗系统建设,提出了应采用的应对措施。  相似文献   

两次长寿命非超级单体孤立强风暴多普勒天气雷达观测对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘云  郭飞燕 《山东气象》2019,39(4):124-132

利用济南多普勒天气雷达资料,结合探空和天气实况资料,对2次历时超过4 h的孤立非超级单体风暴强度结构、流场结构和环境物理量及其差异性进行了分析。结果表明,0611和0915风暴均产生于东北冷涡底部西北气流和低层切变线环境形势下,上干冷下暖湿,0~6 km具有强垂直风切变,600 hPa为起点的下沉对流有效位能（DCAPE）具有较大值。旺盛阶段,0915风暴的最大反射率因子（DBZM）、基于单体的垂直累积液态含水量（C-VIL）和强中心高度（HT）参数平均值明显大于0611风暴,差值分别是6.7 dBZ、11 kg·m-2和2.4 km。0915风暴成熟阶段的前期表现为明显中层径向辐合（MARC）特征,中期风暴中层表现为强气旋性旋转气流结构,后期又演变为MARC特征,同时辐合强度更加显著。0611风暴旺盛阶段中层具有双涡结构,但前期气旋性旋转强度明显大于反气旋性旋转强度,后期情况相反,反气旋性旋转强度明显大于气旋性旋转强度。两次过程中环境物理量差别明显的是对流有效位能（CAPE）和低层比湿,0915风暴CAPE和低层比湿明显大于0611风暴过程。在相似的形势背景下,低层湿度大,具有大的CAPE值,风暴内部上升气流的最大上升速度较大,利于强反射率核的悬垂和维持。  相似文献   

云南4次热带系统影响强对流风暴卫星云图和地闪特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张杰  张腾飞 《气象科学》2019,39(4):502-514

利用NCEP再分析气象资料及FY-2E卫星云图、地闪、地面自动站和气象灾情等资料对热带系统影响下的4类强对流风暴卫星云图特征和地闪演变规律进行分析。结果表明:西移北抬的赤道辐合带、副高、热带低压等热带系统外围偏东、西南和东北气流为强对流风暴发生发展提供有利环流背景及充足水汽和较高的对流有效位能,800 hPa中尺度辐合线及风随高度顺转和高层反气旋低层气旋的垂直流场结构为强对流风暴提供动力条件;在高能高湿环境条件下,由于辐合抬升作用,对流单体生成、不断长大、有规律排列、相互合并发展成不同大小和形状的单单体风暴、多单体风暴、飑线、MCC,结构密实和不均匀,伴随激烈地闪的同时产生冰雹大风和短时强降水等强对流天气;4种类型强对流风暴云顶亮温与总、负、正闪频数随时间演变规律基本一致,正、负地闪活跃程度能表征强对流风暴发展演变状况,与云顶亮温之间存在较好的相关关系,总(负)地闪频数演变趋势与云顶亮温演变趋势相反。  相似文献   

Impacts of Soil Moisture on the Numerical Simulation of a Post-Landfall Storm     

Feimin ZHANG  Zhaoxia PU  Chenghai WANG 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(2):206-218

Surface heat and moisture fluxes are important to the evolution of a tropical storm after its landfall. Soil moisture is one of the essential components that influence surface heating and moisture fluxes. In this study, the impact of soil moisture on a pre-landfall numerical simulation of Tropical Storm Bill(2015), which had a much longer lifespan over land, is investigated by using the research version of the NCEP Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting(HWRF) model. It is found that increased soil moisture with SLAB scheme before storm's landfall tends to produce a weaker storm after landfall and has negative impacts on storm track simulation. Further diagnoses with different land surface schemes and sensitivity experiments indicate that the increase in soil moisture inside the storm corresponds to a strengthened vertical mixing within the storm boundary layer, which is conducive to the decay of storm and has negative impacts on storm evolution. In addition, surface diabatic heating effects over the storm environment are also found to be an important positive contribution to the storm evolution over land, but their impacts are not so substantial as boundary layer vertical mixing inside the storm. The overall results highlight the importance and uncertainty of soil moisture in numerical model simulations of landfalling hurricanes and their further evolution over land.  相似文献   

小冰期以来岱海地区的环境变迁与尘暴事件   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

金章东  邹成娟  高南华  梁文波 《地球科学与环境学报》2001,23(4):6-10

根据高分辨率的湖泊沉积物粒度、Rb/Sr比、磁化率的综合分析,结合区域降水、历史记载资料,重建了内蒙古岱海地区近500年来以小冰期为特征的、具有100年准周期(经谱分析)的古环境变迁及受其制约发生的尘暴事件历史.结果表明,湖泊沉积物中Rb/Sr比值很好地反映了流域陆地受古环境状态变化控制的化学风化率的历史,而尘暴事件则主要是受冬、夏季风的相对强弱制约的.大量尘暴事件频发于小冰期干冷的气候条件下,表现为流域化学风化强度减弱、沉积物中粗颗粒含量高、中值粒径大.在转暖的现代气候下,尘暴事件很少,化学风化增强,沉积物中的粗颗粒含量及中值粒径也随之降低.但是近十几年,在化学风化仍相对较强的气候条件下,尘暴事件却呈上升趋势,这可能与人类活动造成的温室效应及土地荒漠化有关.  相似文献